artemisinin

NOT Open Access | Activation of Artemisinin and Heme Degradation in Leishmania tarentolae Promastigotes: A Possible Link

Tags:

Leishmania, artemisinin, endoperoxide, radicals, heme

Author(s):

Geroldinger G, Tonner M, Gille L, et al.

Reference:

Biochem Pharmacol. 2019 Nov 28:113737

Endoperoxides (EPs) appear to be promising drug candidates against protozoal diseases, including malaria and leishmaniasis. Previous studies have shown that these drugs need an intracellular activation to exert their pharmacological potential. The efficiency of these drugs is linked to the extensive iron demand of these intracellular protozoal parasites.

Protective mechanism of artemisinin on rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells against apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide via activation of c-Raf-Erk1/2-p90rsk-CREB pathway

Tags:

malaria, artemisinin, plasmodium falciparum

Author(s):

Jiankang Fang, Xia Zhao, Shuai Li, Xingan Xing, Haitao Wang, Philip Lazarovici & Wenhua Zheng

Reference:

Stem Cell Research & Therapy volume 10, Article number: 312 (2019)

These studies demonstrate the proof of concept of artemisinin therapeutic potential to improve survival in vitro of BMSCs exposed to ROS-induced apoptosis and suggest that artemisinin-mediated protection occurs via the activation of c-Raf-Erk1/2-p90rsk-CREB signaling pathway.

Not Open Access | Unconventional secretory pathway activation restores hair cell mechanotransduction in an USH3A model

Tags:

artemisinin

Author(s):

Suhasini R. Gopal, Yvonne T. Lee, Ruben Stepanyan, Brian M. McDermott Jr., and Kumar N. Alagramam

Reference:

PNAS May 28, 2019 116 (22) 11000-11009

The pathogenic variant c.144T>G (p.N48K) in the clarin1 gene (CLRN1) results in progressive loss of vision and hearing in Usher syndrome IIIA (USH3A) patients.

NOT Open Access | Combination of artemisinin-based natural compounds from Artemisia annua L. for the treatment of malaria: Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies

Tags:

malaria, plasmodium, artemisinin

Author(s):

Jing Li, Chao Zhang, Muxin Gong and Manyuan Wang

Reference:

Phytotherapy Research banner Volume32, Issue7 July 2018 Pages 1415-1420

Currently, the most effective antimalarial is artemisinin, which is extracted from the leaves of medicinal herb Artemisia annua L. (A. annua).

Medical Treatment:

antimalarials

An optimised age-based dosing regimen for single low-dose primaquine for blocking malaria transmission in Cambodia

Tags:

malaria, artemisinin, plasmodium, falciparum

Author(s):

Leang R, Khu N, Mukaka M, Debackere M, Tripura R, Kheang S, Chy S, Kak N, Buchy P, Tarantola A, Menard D, Roca-Felterer A, Fairhurst R, Kheng S, Muth S, Ngak S, Dondorp A, White N, Taylor W

Reference:

BMC Medicine 2016, 14 :171 (27 October 2016)

In 2012, the World Health Organization recommended the addition of single low-dose primaquine (SLDPQ, 0.25 mg base/kg body weight) to artemisinin combination therapies to block the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum without testing for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

Clinical and molecular surveillance of artemisinin resistant falciparum malaria in Myanmar (2009–2013)

Tags:

falciparum, malaria, artemisinin

Author(s):

Myat Htut Nyunt, Myat Thu Soe, Hla Win Myint, Htet Wai Oo, Moe Moe Aye, Soe Soe Han, Ni Ni Zaw, Cho Cho, Phyo Zaw Aung, Khin Thiri Kyaw, Thin Thin Aye, Naychi Aung San, Leonard Ortega, Krongthong Thimasarn, Maria Dorina G. Bustos, Sherwin Galit…

Reference:

Malaria Journal 2017 16:333, 14 August 2017

Apart from k13, pfarps10, pffd and pfmdr2 are also useful for molecular surveillance of artemisinin resistance especially where k13 mutation has not been reported.

Medical Treatment:

artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT)

Artemisinin combination therapy mass drug administration in a setting of low malaria endemicity: programmatic coverage and adherence during an observational study in Zanzibar

Tags:

malaria, ACT, artemisinin

Author(s):

Abdullah S. Ali, Narjis G. Thawer, Bakar Khatib, Haji H. Amier, Joseph Shija, Mwinyi Msellem, Abdul-wahid Al-mafazy, Issa A. Garimo, Humphrey Mkali, Mahdi M. Ramsan, Jessica M. Kafuko, Lynn A. Paxton, Richard Reithinger and Jeremiah M. Ngondi

Reference:

Malaria Journal 2017 16:332, 14 August 2017

Mass drug administration for malaria was well accepted by communities at high risk of malaria in Zanzibar, with high participation and completion rates.

Medical Treatment:

artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT)

Not Open Access : Clinical and non-clinical safety of artemisinin derivatives in pregnancy.

Tags:

artemisinin, malaria

Author(s):

Gomes C, Boareto AC, Dalsenter PR

Reference:

Reprod Toxicol. 2016 Aug 6;65:194-203.

In this review we aimed to assess the results of non-clinical and clinical studies with artemisinin derivatives, their mechanisms of embryotoxicity and discuss the safety of their use during pregnancy.

Organization:

WHO

Declining Efficacy of Artemisinin Combination Therapy Against P. Falciparum Malaria on the Thai–Myanmar Border (2003–2013): The Role of Parasite Genetic Factors

Tags:

mefloquine–artesunate, artemisinin, falciparum

Author(s):

Aung Pyae Phyo, Elizabeth A. Ashley, Francois Nosten, et al.

Reference:

Clin Infect Dis. (2016) 63 (6): 784-791

Between 2003 and 2013, we studied the efficacy of MAS3 in 1005 patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in relation to molecular markers of resistance.

Country:

Myanmar

Gametocyte carriage in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria following treatment with artemisinin combination therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data

Tags:

malaria, plasmodium falciparum, artemisinin

Author(s):

WWARN Gametocyte Study Group

Reference:

BMC Medicine 2016, 14:79 (24 May 2016)

All relevant studies were identified through a systematic review of PubMed. Risk of bias was evaluated based on study design, methodology, and missing data.

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