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falciparum malaria

NOT Open Access | Antimalarial Quinacrine and Chloroquine Lose Their Activity by Decreasing Cationic Amphiphilic Structure with a Slight Decrease in pH

March 30, 2021 - 14:21 -- NOT Open Access
Tags: 
antimalarial, quinacrine, chloroquine, falciparum malaria, Covid-19
Author(s): 
Kitagawa T, Matsumoto A, Terashima I, Uesono Y
Reference: 
J Med Chem. 2021 Mar 27

Quinacrine (QC) and chloroquine (CQ) have antimicrobial and antiviral activities as well as antimalarial activity, although the mechanisms remain unknown. QC increased the antimicrobial activity against yeast exponentially with a pH-dependent increase in the cationic amphiphilic drug (CAD) structure. CAD-QC localized in the yeast membranes and induced glucose starvation by noncompetitively inhibiting glucose uptake as antipsychotic chlorpromazine (CPZ) did.

Efficacy and tolerability of artemisinin-based and quinine-based treatments for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in pregnancy: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis

August 3, 2020 - 16:31 -- Open Access
Tags: 
artemisinin, quinine, Treatment, pregnant women, falciparum malaria, review, data meta-analysis
Author(s): 
Saito M, Mansoor R, Kennon K, Guérin PJ, et al.
Reference: 
Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Aug;20(8):943-952

Malaria in pregnancy affects both the mother and the fetus. However, evidence supporting treatment guidelines for uncomplicated (including asymptomatic) falciparum malaria in pregnant women is scarce and assessed in varied ways. We did a systematic literature review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and tolerability of different artemisinin-based or quinine-based treatments for malaria in pregnant women.

Influence of blood group, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and Haemoglobin genotype on Falciparum malaria in children in Vihiga highland of Western Kenya

July 13, 2020 - 16:40 -- Open Access
Tags: 
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD, haemoglobin genotype, falciparum malaria, children, Kenya
Author(s): 
Ahmed JS, Guyah B, Sang' D, Webale MK, Mufyongo NS, Munde E, Ouma C
Reference: 
BMC Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 9;20(1):487

Genetic diversity of ABO blood, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and haemoglobin type and their ability to protect against malaria vary geographically, ethnically and racially. No study has been carried out in populations resident in malaria regions in western Kenya.

Cardiovascular safety and population pharmacokinetic properties of piperaquine in African patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria - a pooled multicentre analysis

April 23, 2020 - 09:50 -- Open Access
Tags: 
piperaquine, Africa, falciparum malaria
Author(s): 
Wattanakul T, Ogutu B, Tarning J, et al.
Reference: 
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Apr 20. pii: AAC.01848-19

Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine has shown excellent efficacy and tolerability in malaria treatment. However, concerns have been raised of potentially harmful cardiotoxic effects associated with piperaquine. The population pharmacokinetics and cardiac effects of piperaquine were evaluated in 1,000 patients, mostly children enrolled in a multicentre trial from 10 sites in Africa.

Why is WHO failing women with falciparum malaria in the first trimester of pregnancy?

March 17, 2020 - 12:53 -- Open Access
Tags: 
who, women, falciparum malaria, pregnancy
Author(s): 
McGready R, Nosten F, Barnes KI, Mokuolu O, White NJ
Reference: 
Lancet. 2020 Mar 7;395(10226):779

In the opening to WHO's World Malaria Report 2019, subtitled Leaving no one behind in the march to a malaria-free world, WHO's Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus noted that the scourge of malaria continues to strike hardest against pregnant women and children in Africa. The Director-General reported that “some 11 million pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa were infected with malaria and, consequently, nearly 900 000 children were born with a low birthweight”. Furthermore, he noted that “Malaria in pregnancy compromises the mother's health and puts her at greater risk of death. It impacts the health of the fetus, leading to prematurity and low birthweight, major contributors to neonatal and infant mortality.”

Concomitant bacteremia in adults with severe falciparum malaria

March 3, 2020 - 13:11 -- Open Access
Tags: 
concomitant bacteremia, adults, falciparum malaria
Author(s): 
Phu NH, Day NPJ, White NJ, et al.
Reference: 
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Feb 28. pii: ciaa191

Approximately 6% of children hospitalised with severe falciparum malaria in Africa are also bacteremic. It is therefore recommended that all children with severe malaria should receive broad spectrum antibiotics in addition to parenteral artesunate. Empirical antibiotics are not recommended currently for adults with severe malaria.

Detection of mutations associated with artemisinin resistance at k13-propeller gene and a near complete return of chloroquine susceptible falciparum malaria in Southeast of Tanzania

March 3, 2020 - 12:39 -- Open Access
Tags: 
artemisinin resistance, k13-propeller gene, chloroquine, falciparum malaria, Tanzania
Author(s): 
Bwire GM, Ngasala B, Mikomangwa WP, Kilonzi M, Kamuhabwa AAR
Reference: 
Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 26;10(1):3500

In Tanzania, chloroquine was replaced by sulphadoxine- pyrimethamine (SP) as a first-line for treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Due to high resistance in malaria parasites, SP lasted for only 5 years and by the end of 2006 it was replaced with the current artemisinin combination therapy. We therefore, set a study to determine the current genotypic mutations associated with Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin, partner drugs and chloroquine.

Plasma parasitemia as assessed by quantitative PCR in relation to clinical disease severity in African adults with falciparum malaria with and without HIV co-infection

February 25, 2020 - 16:17 -- Open Access
Tags: 
plasma parasitemia, quantitative PCR, African adults, falciparum malaria, HIV co-infection
Author(s): 
Berg A, Patel S, Tellevik MG, Haanshuus CG, Dalen I, Otterdal K, Ueland T, Moyo SJ, Aukrust P, Langeland N
Reference: 
Infection. 2020 Feb 19

When considering malaria disease severity, estimation of parasitemia in erythrocytes is important, but sometimes misleading, since the infected erythrocytes may be sequestered in peripheral capillaries. In African children and Asian adults with falciparum malaria, parasitemia as assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in plasma seems to be a valuable indicator of disease severity, but data on African adults as well as the impact of co-infection with HIV is lacking.

Efficacy of antimalarial drugs for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Asian region: A network meta-analysis

December 23, 2019 - 16:09 -- Open Access
Tags: 
antimalarial drugs, falciparum malaria, Asian region, meta-analysis
Author(s): 
Naing C, Whittaker MA, Htet NH, Aye SN, Mak JW
Reference: 
PLoS ONE 14(12): e0225882

The WHO recommends artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Hence, monitoring the efficacy of antimalarial drugs is a key component of malaria control and elimination. The published randomized trials that assessed comparisons of ACTs for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria reported conflicting results in treatment efficacy. A network meta-analysis is an extension of pairwise meta-analysis that can synthesize evidence simultaneously from both direct and indirect treatment comparisons. The objective was to synthesize evidence on the comparative efficacy of antimalarial drugs for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Asian region.

NOT Open Access | Association of lipid levels with mefloquine and carboxy-mefloquine concentrations in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria

December 23, 2019 - 15:12 -- NOT Open Access
Tags: 
ipid levels, mefloquine, carboxy-mefloquine, concentrations, patients, falciparum malaria
Author(s): 
Vieira JLF, Rivera JGB, de Sena LWP, Ferreira MVD
Reference: 
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019 Dec 16. pii: AAC.01731-19

Mefloquine shows a high capacity to bind plasma proteins, which influences the amount of drug in erythrocytes. The study investigated the association of lipids levels with plasma concentrations of mefloquine and carboxy-mefloquine in 85 Brazilian patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria.

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