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ACT

NOT Open Access | Ursolic and betulinic semisynthetic derivatives show activity against CQ-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolated from Amazonia

March 2, 2021 - 15:32 -- NOT Open Access
Tags: 
CQ-resistant, plasmodium falciparum, ACT, malaria
Author(s): 
Sol Sol de Medeiros D, Tasca Cargnin S, Azevedo Dos Santos AP, de Souza Rodrigues M, Berton Zanchi F, Soares de Maria de Medeiros P, de Almeida E Silva A, Bioni Garcia Teles C, Gnoatto SCB
Reference: 
Chem Biol Drug Des. 2021 Feb 27

ACT's low levels of Plasmodium parasitemia clearance are worrisome since it is the last treatment option against P. falciparum. This scenario has led to investigations of compounds with different mechanisms of action for malaria treatment. Natural compounds like ursolic acid (UA) and betulinic acid (BA), distinguished by their activity against numerous microorganisms, including P. falciparum, have become relevant.

A Decline and Age Shift in Malaria Incidence in Rural Mali following Implementation of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention and Indoor Residual Spraying

March 2, 2021 - 15:29 -- Open Access
Tags: 
LLIN, ACT, Mali, malaria, chemoprevention
Author(s): 
Coulibaly D, Guindo B, Thera MA, et al.
Reference: 
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2021 Mar 1:tpmd200622

Many African countries have reported declines in malaria incidence, attributed to the implementation of control strategies. In Mali, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) was introduced in 2004, and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) have been partially distributed free of charge since 2007. In the Malian town of Bandiagara, a study conducted from 2009 to 2013 showed a stable incidence of malaria compared with 1999, despite the implementation of ACTs and LLINs. Since 2016, seasonal malaria chemoprevention has been scaled up across the country.

Protocol for a quasi-experimental study to assess the feasibility, acceptability and costs of multiple first-lines artemisinin-based combination therapies for uncomplicated malaria in the Kaya health district, Burkina Faso

February 17, 2021 - 09:25 -- Open Access
Tags: 
ACT, uncomplicated, malaria, Burkina Faso
Author(s): 
Siribie M, Tchouatieu AM, Sirima SB, et al.
Reference: 
BMJ Open. 2021 Feb 15;11(2):e040220

As demonstrated in mathematical models, the simultaneous deployment of multiple first-line therapies (MFT) for uncomplicated malaria, using artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), may extend the useful therapeutic life of the current ACTs. This is possible by reducing drug pressure and slowing the spread of resistance without putting patients' life at risk. We hypothesised that a simultaneous deployment of three different ACTs is feasible, acceptable and can achieve high coverage rate if potential barriers are properly identified and addressed.

Factors associated with access and adherence to artemisinin‐based combination therapy (ACT) for children under five: a secondary analysis of a national survey in Sierra Leone

January 27, 2021 - 11:45 -- Open Access
Tags: 
malaria, ACT, children under five, Sierra Leone
Author(s): 
Kristin Banek, Emily L. Webb, Emily Bostick Doogue, Samuel Juana Smith, Daniel Chandramohan and Sarah G. Staedke
Reference: 
Malaria Journal 2021 20:56, 21 January 2021

Access and adherence to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) are key challenges to effective malaria treatment. A secondary analysis of the Sierra Leone malaria Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (mKAP) survey was conducted to investigate access and adherence to ACT for the treatment of fever in children under-five.

NOT Open Access | An insight into the recent development of the clinical candidates for the treatment of malaria and their target proteins

January 20, 2021 - 07:52 -- NOT Open Access
Tags: 
ACT, malaria, antimalarial drug, resistance
Author(s): 
Madhav H, Hoda N
Reference: 
Eur J Med Chem. 2021 Jan 15;210:112955

Malaria is an endemic disease, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions which cost half of million deaths annually. The eradication of malaria is one of the global health priority nevertheless, current therapeutic efforts seem to be insufficient due to the emergence of drug resistance towards most of the available drugs, even first-line treatment ACT, unavailability of the vaccine, and lack of drugs with a new mechanism of action. Intensification of antimalarial research in recent years has resulted into the development of single dose multistage therapeutic agents which has advantage of overcoming the antimalarial drug resistance.

Atovaquone-proguanil for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria

January 20, 2021 - 07:33 -- Open Access
Tags: 
atovaquone-proguanil, ACT, plasmodium falciparum, malaria
Author(s): 
Blanshard A, Hine P
Reference: 
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jan 15;1:CD004529

The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015 stated atovaquone‐proguanil can be used in travellers, and is an option in malaria‐endemic areas in combination with artesunate, as an alternative treatment where first‐line artemisinin‐based combination therapy (ACT) is not available or effective. This review is an update of a Cochrane Review undertaken in 2005.

Persistence of mRNA indicative of Plasmodium falciparum ring-stage parasites 42 days after artemisinin and non-artemisinin combination therapy in naturally infected Malians

January 13, 2021 - 10:06 -- Open Access
Tags: 
mRNA, plasmodium falciparum, ACT, Mali
Author(s): 
Almahamoudou Mahamar, Kjerstin Lanke, Michelle E. Roh, et al.
Reference: 
Malaria Journal 2021 20:34, 9 January 2021

Malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa relies upon prompt case management with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). Ring-stage parasite mRNA, measured by sbp1 quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), was previously reported to persist after ACT treatment and hypothesized to reflect temporary arrest of the growth of ring-stage parasites (dormancy) following exposure to artemisinins. Here, the persistence of ring-stage parasitaemia following ACT and non-ACT treatment was examined.

Triple Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies for Malaria - A New Paradigm

January 6, 2021 - 13:23 -- Open Access
Tags: 
plasmodium falciparum, ACT, malaria, drug resistance
Author(s): 
van der Pluijm RW, Amaratunga C, Dhorda M, Dondorp AM
Reference: 
Trends Parasitol. 2021 Jan;37(1):15-24

Recent gains in the fight against malaria are threatened by the emergence and spread of artemisinin and partner drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). When artemisinins are combined with a single partner drug, all recommended artemisinin-based combination therapies have shown reduced efficacy in some countries in the GMS at some point.

Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt) and multidrug-resistant gene 1 (Pfmdr-1) in Nigerian children 10 years post-adoption of artemisinin-based combination treatments

December 30, 2020 - 13:52 -- Open Access
Tags: 
plasmodium falciparum, drug resistance, Nigeria, children, ACT
Author(s): 
Kayode AT, Akano K, Happi CT, et al.
Reference: 
Int J Parasitol. 2020 Dec 23:S0020-7519(20)30318-0

The emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to artemisinin derivatives and their partners in southeastern Asia threatens malaria control and elimination efforts, and heightens the need for an alternative therapy. We have explored the distribution of P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt) and multidrug-resistant gene 1 (Pfmdr-1) haplotypes 10 years following adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) in a bid to investigate the possible re-emergence of Chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive parasites in Nigeria, and investigated the effect of these P. falciparum haplotypes on treatment outcomes of patients treated with ACTs. A total of 271 children aged < 5 years with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were included in this study. Polymorphisms on codons 72-76 of the Pfcrt gene and codon 86 and 184 of Pfmdr-1 were determined using the high resolution melting (HRM) assay.

Ex vivo susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs in Northern Uganda

December 30, 2020 - 13:30 -- Open Access
Tags: 
ACT, plasmodium falciparum, antimalarial drug, Uganda
Author(s): 
Fukuda N, Tachibana SI, Mita T, et al.
Reference: 
Parasitol Int. 2020 Dec 25:102277

In Uganda, artemether-lumefantrine was introduced as an artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for malaria in 2006. We have previously reported a moderate decrease in ex vivo efficacy of lumefantrine in Northern Uganda, where we also detected ex vivo artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Therefore, it is necessary to search for candidate partner alternatives for ACT.

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